OVICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL EFFECTS OF A HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT FROM Cyrtocarpa procera LEAVES AGAINST Haemonchus contortus

Abstract

This study evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal effects of a hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) and two fractions—one aqueous (Aq-F) and the other organic (EtOAc-F)—from dehydrated Cyrtocarpa procera leaves on Haemonchus contortus. In addition, the primary compounds in the HAE and the fractions were identified. The egg hatching inhibition (% EHI) and L3 larval mortality (% Mortality) tests were performed. The treatments used in the EHI test were HAE (12.5–200 mg mL^-1), Aq-F (5 and 10 mg mL^-1), and EtOAc-F (0.62–10 mg mL^-1); for larval mortality, HAE (50–200 mg mL^-1), Aq-F (20–40 mg mL^-1), and EtOAc-F (2.5–40 mg mL^-1). Thiabendazole (0.1 mg mL^-1) and ivermectin (5 mg mL^-1) were used as positive controls, while methanol (3 %) and distilled water were negative controls. The results were analyzed using a completely randomized design and an ANOVA. The main compounds in the extract and fractions were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The HAE had a 100 % ovicidal effect at the highest concentration tested, while EtOAc-F had a nearly 100 % ovicidal effect at 1.25 mg mL^-1, and Aq-F displayed the lowest ovicidal effect. Regarding larval mortality, the HAE exerted a larvicidal effect close to 80 % at 100 mg mL^-1, while EtOAc-F displayed a larval mortality of 71.47 % at 20 mg mL^-1. The chemical analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid, derivatives of gallic acid (gallates), kaempferol rutinoside, quercetin glycoside, and luteolin glycoside. This study shows evidence of the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of C. procera, which could make it useful as a natural anthelmintic in the control of H. contortus.