FREE-RANGE PIG FARMING AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN MEXICO

Abstract

Backyard pig farming provides income for family production units. The implementation of free-range pig farming systems (FRPFS) improves animal health and well-being, as well as meat quality. In addition, it reduces the environmental impact and dependence on external inputs while increasing profitability through lower production costs and greater access to specialized markets. A review was conducted to identify the FRPFS characteristics that enable and support the implementation of regenerative livestock farming within small-scale production systems. Findings showed that pigs are able to absorb nutrients from tree foliage and grassland plants. Nonetheless, to facilitate digestion, these feeds must be high in protein and low in fiber, requiring the addition of grains or subproducts. In grazing systems, it is necessary to allow long resting periods for the land, since pigs root and disturb the soil. However, their excreta help improve its physical, chemical, and biological properties. FRPFS can be integrated with agricultural systems to strengthen the resilience of small-scale farmers while providing meat with special organoleptic characteristics, which helps produce different products for niche markets at better prices.