BIOMETRY OF ECUADORIAN CREOLE PIG IN THE CONTEXT OF IBEROAMERICAN SWINE

Abstract

Despite the importance of the creole pig census, Ecuador has not officially recognized and characterized pig breeds. The morphological characteristics of the creole populations in Planning Zone 5 are not known, nor whether they are different from other American and Iberian populations. The objective of this study was to carry out a biometric analysis in Ecuadorian creole pigs and relate it to Ibero-American populations. The study included 338 adult females randomly chosen from four Ecuadorian creole populations: Bolívar (75), Guayas (109), Los Ríos (95) and Santa Elena (59), in addition to Cuban Creole (50), Mexican Pelón (158), Entrepleado (149), Lampiño (77), Manchado de Jabugo (16), Portuguese (20), Retinto (207) and Torbiscal (86). A descriptive study was carried out with eight zoomometric variables and five zoomometric indexes (IZ), as well as a comparative analysis of the IZ with ANOVA, with the population as a factor of variation, in addition to a canonical discriminant analysis using the zoomometric variables. The Ecuadorian populations stood out for their brachicephalic character, greater pelvic index and dorsolumbar line with ascending caudal inclination, smaller corporal format with respect to the Iberian ones and similar characteristics to the rest of the evaluated populations. The statistical differences between the IZ and the distances of Mahalanobis and the individual Euclidians allowed suggesting a different zoometrical pattern for each population. The formation of two large groups displayed an American type that included Ecuadorian populations, and a Mediterranean type that included Iberian populations. The greatest proximity between Ecuadorian populations was found between Bolívar and Santa Elena, followed by Guayas and Los Ríos; Mexican Pelón and Cuban Criollo occupied intermediate positions. Although there is a historical relationship with the Iberian trunk, American populations have been differentiated with time according to the geographical location of the ecosystem where they are developed.